(?)
黄(Huang)铜(Tong)在(Zai)现(Xian)代(Dai)社(She)会(Hui)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)用(Yong)途(Tu)有(You)哪(Na)些(Xie)?(?)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)常(Chang)被(Bei)用(Yong)于(Yu)制(Zhi)造(Zao)阀(Fa)门(Men)、(?)水(Shui)管(Guan)、(?)空(Kong)调(Diao)内(Nei)外(Wai)机(Ji)连(Lian)接(Jie)管(Guan)和(He)散(San)热(Re)器(Qi)等(Deng)。(?)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)无(Wu)缝(Feng)管(Guan)可(Ke)用(Yong)于(Yu)热(Re)交(Jiao)换(Huan)器(Qi)和(He)冷(Leng)凝(Ning)器(Qi)、(?)低(Di)温(Wen)管(Guan)路(Lu)、(?)海(Hai)底(Di)运(Yun)输(Shu)管(Guan)。(?)制(Zhi)造(Zao)板(Ban)料(Liao)、(?)条(Tiao)材(Cai)、(?)棒(Bang)材(Cai)、(?)管(Guan)材(Cai),(?)铸(Zhu)造(Zao)零(Ling)件(Jian)等(Deng)。(?)含(Han)铜(Tong)在(Zai)62%~(?)68%,(?)塑(Su)性(Xing)强(Qiang),(?)制(Zhi)造(Zao)耐(Nai)压(Ya)设(She)备(Bei)等(Deng)。(?)
(?) (?)含(Han)锌(Xin)低(Di)于(Yu)36%的(De)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)由(You)固(Gu)溶(Rong)体(Ti)组(Zu)成(Cheng),(?)具(Ju)有(You)良(Liang)好(Hao)的(De)冷(Leng)加(Jia)工(Gong)性(Xing)能(Neng),(?)如(Ru)含(Han)锌(Xin)30%的(De)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)常(Chang)用(Yong)来(Lai)制(Zhi)作(Zuo)弹(Dan)壳(Ke),(?)俗(Su)称(Cheng)弹(Dan)壳(Ke)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)或(Huo)七(Qi)三(San)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)。(?)含(Han)锌(Xin)在(Zai)36~(?)42%之(Zhi)间(Jian)的(De)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)由(You)和(He)固(Gu)溶(Rong)体(Ti)组(Zu)成(Cheng),(?)其(Qi)中(Zhong)x常(Chang)用(Yong)的(De)是(Shi)含(Han)锌(Xin)40%的(De)六(Liu)四(Si)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)。(?)为(Wei)了(Liao)改(Gai)善(Shan)普(Pu)通(Tong)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)的(De)性(Xing)能(Neng),(?)常(Chang)添(Tian)加(Jia)其(Qi)他(Ta)元(Yuan)素(Su),(?)如(Ru)铝(Lu)、(?)镍(Nie)、(?)锰(Meng)、(?)锡(Xi)、(?)硅(Gui)、(?)铅(Qian)等(Deng)。(?)铝(Lu)能(Neng)提(Ti)高(Gao)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)的(De)强(Qiang)度(Du)、(?)硬(Ying)度(Du)和(He)耐(Nai)蚀(Shi)性(Xing),(?)但(Dan)使(Shi)塑(Su)性(Xing)降(Jiang)低(Di),(?)适(Shi)合(He)作(Zuo)海(Hai)轮(Lun)冷(Leng)凝(Ning)管(Guan)及(Ji)其(Qi)他(Ta)耐(Nai)蚀(Shi)零(Ling)件(Jian)。(?)
(?) (?)锡(Xi)能(Neng)提(Ti)高(Gao)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)的(De)强(Qiang)度(Du)和(He)对(Dui)海(Hai)水(Shui)的(De)耐(Nai)腐(Fu)性(Xing),(?)故(Gu)称(Cheng)海(Hai)军(Jun)黄(Huang)铜(Tong),(?)用(Yong)作(Zuo)船(Chuan)舶(Bo)热(Re)工(Gong)设(She)备(Bei)和(He)螺(Luo)旋(Xuan)桨(Jiang)等(Deng)。(?)
(?) (?)铅(Qian)能(Neng)改(Gai)善(Shan)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)的(De)切(Qie)削(Xiao)性(Xing)能(Neng):(?)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)易(Yi)切(Qie)削(Xiao)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)常(Chang)用(Yong)作(Zuo)钟(Zhong)表(Biao)零(Ling)件(Jian)。(?)
(?) (?)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)铸(Zhu)件(Jian)常(Chang)用(Yong)来(Lai)制(Zhi)作(Zuo)阀(Fa)门(Men)和(He)管(Guan)道(Dao)配(Pei)件(Jian)等(Deng)。(?)
青(Qing)铜(Tong)
(?) (?)中(Zhong)国(Guo)古(Gu)代(Dai)青(Qing)铜(Tong)器(Qi)源(Yuan)远(Yuan)流(Liu)长(Chang),(?)享(Xiang)誉(Yu)世(Shi)界(Jie)已(Yi)久(Jiu),(?)据(Ju)考(Kao)古(Gu)学(Xue)家(Jia)证(Zheng)实(Shi)在(Zai)殷(Yin)墟(Xu)出(Chu)土(Tu)的(De)大(Da)量(Liang)青(Qing)铜(Tong)器(Qi)代(Dai)表(Biao)了(Liao)中(Zhong)国(Guo)古(Gu)代(Dai)青(Qing)铜(Tong)冶(Ye)铸(Zhu)业(Ye)的(De)巅(Dian)峰(Feng)。(?)
(?) (?)什(Shi)么(Me)是(Shi)青(Qing)铜(Tong)?(?)青(Qing)铜(Tong)原(Yuan)指(Zhi)铜(Tong)锡(Xi)合(He)金(Jin),(?)后(Hou)除(Chu)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)、(?)白(Bai)铜(Tong)以(Yi)外(Wai)的(De)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)均(Jun)称(Cheng)青(Qing)铜(Tong),(?)并(Bing)常(Chang)在(Zai)青(Qing)铜(Tong)名(Ming)字(Zi)前(Qian)冠(Guan)以(Yi)第(Di)一(Yi)主(Zhu)要(Yao)添(Tian)加(Jia)元(Yuan)素(Su)的(De)名(Ming)。(?)锡(Xi)青(Qing)铜(Tong)的(De)铸(Zhu)造(Zao)性(Xing)能(Neng)减(Jian)摩(Mo)性(Xing)能(Neng)好(Hao)和(He)机(Ji)械(Xie)性(Xing)能(Neng)好(Hao)适(Shi)合(He)于(Yu)制(Zhi)造(Zao)轴(Zhou)承(Cheng)蜗(Wo)轮(Lun)齿(Chi)轮(Lun)等(Deng)。(?)铅(Qian)青(Qing)铜(Tong)是(Shi)现(Xian)代(Dai)发(Fa)动(Dong)机(Ji)和(He)磨(Mo)床(Chuang)广(Guang)泛(Fan)使(Shi)用(Yong)的(De)轴(Zhou)承(Cheng)材(Cai)料(Liao)。(?)铝(Lu)青(Qing)铜(Tong)强(Qiang)度(Du)高(Gao)、(?)耐(Nai)磨(Mo)性(Xing)和(He)耐(Nai)蚀(Shi)性(Xing)好(Hao),(?)用(Yong)于(Yu)铸(Zhu)造(Zao)高(Gao)载(Zai)荷(He)的(De)齿(Chi)轮(Lun)、(?)轴(Zhou)套(Tao)、(?)船(Chuan)用(Yong)螺(Luo)旋(Xuan)桨(Jiang)等(Deng)。(?)铍(Pi)青(Qing)铜(Tong)和(He)磷(Lin)青(Qing)铜(Tong)的(De)弹(Dan)性(Xing)极(Ji)限(Xian)高(Gao)、(?)导(Dao)电(Dian)性(Xing)好(Hao),(?)适(Shi)于(Yu)制(Zhi)造(Zao)精(Jing)密(Mi)弹(Dan)簧(Huang)和(He)电(Dian)接(Jie)触(Chu)元(Yuan)件(Jian)、(?)铍(Pi)青(Qing)铜(Tong)还(Huan)用(Yong)来(Lai)制(Zhi)造(Zao)煤(Mei)矿(Kuang)、(?)油(You)库(Ku)等(Deng)使(Shi)用(Yong)的(De)无(Wu)火(Huo)花(Hua)工(Gong)具(Ju)。(?)
(?) (?)青(Qing)铜(Tong)的(De)特(Te)点(Dian)有(You)哪(Na)些(Xie)?(?)青(Qing)铜(Tong)具(Ju)有(You)熔(Rong)点(Dian)低(Di)、(?)硬(Ying)度(Du)大(Da)、(?)可(Ke)塑(Su)性(Xing)强(Qiang)、(?)耐(Nai)磨(Mo)、(?)耐(Nai)腐(Fu)蚀(Shi)、(?)色(Se)泽(Ze)光(Guang)亮(Liang)等(Deng)特(Te)点(Dian),(?)适(Shi)用(Yong)于(Yu)铸(Zhu)造(Zao)各(Ge)种(Zhong)器(Qi)具(Ju)、(?)机(Ji)械(Xie)零(Ling)件(Jian)、(?)轴(Zhou)承(Cheng)、(?)齿(Chi)轮(Lun)等(Deng)。(?)
青(Qing)铜(Tong)犀(Xi)牛(Niu)
(?) (?)青(Qing)铜(Tong)在(Zai)现(Xian)代(Dai)社(She)会(Hui)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)用(Yong)途(Tu)有(You)哪(Na)些(Xie)?(?)锡(Xi)青(Qing)铜(Tong)与(Yu)铅(Qian)青(Qing)铜(Tong)具(Ju)有(You)较(Jiao)高(Gao)的(De)疲(Pi)劳(Lao)强(Qiang)度(Du)和(He)承(Cheng)载(Zai)能(Neng)力(Li),(?)优(You)良(Liang)的(De)耐(Nai)磨(Mo)性(Xing)、(?)良(Liang)好(Hao)的(De)导(Dao)热(Re)性(Xing)、(?)摩(Mo)擦(Ca)系(Xi)数(Shu)低(Di),(?)能(Neng)在(Zai)250℃(?)以(Yi)下(Xia)正(Zheng)常(Chang)工(Gong)作(Zuo),(?)合(He)于(Yu)制(Zhi)造(Zao)高(Gao)速(Su)重(Zhong)载(Zai)下(Xia)工(Gong)作(Zuo)的(De)轴(Zhou)承(Cheng),(?)如(Ru)高(Gao)速(Su)柴(Chai)油(You)机(Ji)航(Hang)空(Kong)发(Fa)动(Dong)机(Ji)轴(Zhou)承(Cheng)等(Deng),(?)常(Chang)用(Yong)牌(Pai)号(Hao)是(Shi)ZCuSn10P1,(?)ZCuPb30。(?)
(?) (?)铜(Tong)铅(Qian)合(He)金(Jin)的(De)突(Tu)出(Chu)优(You)点(Dian)是(Shi)承(Cheng)载(Zai)能(Neng)力(Li)大(Da),(?)抗(Kang)疲(Pi)劳(Lao)强(Qiang)度(Du)高(Gao)耐(Nai)热(Re)性(Xing)好(Hao),(?)但(Dan)磨(Mo)合(He)性(Xing)能(Neng)和(He)耐(Nai)腐(Fu)蚀(Shi)性(Xing)差(Cha),(?)为(Wei)了(Liao)改(Gai)善(Shan)其(Qi)磨(Mo)合(He)性(Xing)和(He)耐(Nai)腐(Fu)蚀(Shi)性(Xing),(?)通(Tong)常(Chang)在(Zai)铜(Tong)铅(Qian)合(He)金(Jin)表(Biao)面(Mian)电(Dian)镀(Du)一(Yi)层(Ceng)软(Ruan)金(Jin)属(Shu)而(?)成(Cheng)三(San)层(Ceng)结(Jie)构(Gou)轴(Zhou)瓦(Wa),(?)多(Duo)用(Yong)于(Yu)高(Gao)强(Qiang)化(Hua)的(De)柴(Chai)油(You)机(Ji)。(?)
铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)的(De)应(Ying)用(Yong)
交(Jiao)通(Tong)工(Gong)业(Ye)
(?) (?)船(Chuan)舶(Bo):(?)由(You)于(Yu)良(Liang)好(Hao)的(De)耐(Nai)海(Hai)水(Shui)腐(Fu)蚀(Shi)性(Xing)能(Neng),(?)许(Xu)多(Duo)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin),(?)如(Ru):(?)铝(Lu)青(Qing)铜(Tong)、(?)锰(Meng)青(Qing)铜(Tong)、(?)铝(Lu)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)、(?)炮(Pao)铜(Tong)((?)锡(Xi)锌(Xin)青(Qing)铜(Tong))(?)、(?)白(Bai)钢(Gang)以(Yi)及(Ji)镍(Nie)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)((?)蒙(Meng)乃(Nai)尔(?)合(He)金(Jin))(?)己(Ji)成(Cheng)为(Wei)造(Zao)船(Chuan)的(De)标(Biao)准(Zhun)材(Cai)料(Liao)。(?)一(Yi)般(Ban)在(Zai)军(Jun)舰(Jian)和(He)商(Shang)船(Chuan)的(De)自(Zi)重(Zhong)中(Zhong),(?)铜(Tong)和(He)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)占(Zhan)2~(?)3%。(?)
(?) (?)汽(Qi)车(Che):(?)汽(Qi)车(Che)用(Yong)铜(Tong)每(Mei)辆(Liang)10~(?)2I公(Gong)斤(Jin),(?)随(Sui)汽(Qi)车(Che)类(Lei)型(Xing)和(He)大(Da)小(Xiao)而(?)异(Yi),(?)对(Dui)于(Yu)小(Xiao)轿(Jiao)车(Che)约(Yue)占(Zhan)自(Zi)重(Zhong)的(De)6~(?)9%%。(?)铜(Tong)和(He)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)主(Zhu)要(Yao)用(Yong)于(Yu)散(San)热(Re)器(Qi)、(?)制(Zhi)动(Dong)系(Xi)统(Tong)管(Guan)路(Lu)、(?)液(Ye)压(Ya)装(Zhuang)置(Zhi)、(?)齿(Chi)轮(Lun)、(?)轴(Zhou)承(Cheng)、(?)刹(Sha)车(Che)摩(Mo)擦(Ca)片(Pian)、(?)配(Pei)电(Dian)和(He)电(Dian)力(Li)系(Xi)统(Tong)、(?)垫(Dian)圈(Quan)以(Yi)及(Ji)各(Ge)种(Zhong)接(Jie)头(Tou)、(?)配(Pei)件(Jian)和(He)饰(Shi)件(Jian)等(Deng)。(?)其(Qi)中(Zhong)用(Yong)钢(Gang)量(Liang)比(Bi)较(Jiao)大(Da)的(De)是(Shi)散(San)热(Re)器(Qi)。(?)现(Xian)代(Dai)的(De)管(Guan)带(Dai)式(Shi)散(San)热(Re)器(Qi),(?)用(Yong)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)带(Dai)焊(Han)接(Jie)成(Cheng)散(San)热(Re)器(Qi)管(Guan)子(Zi),(?)用(Yong)薄(Bao)的(De)铜(Tong)带(Dai)折(Zhe)曲(Qu)成(Cheng)散(San)热(Re)片(Pian)。(?)
(?) (?)铁(Tie)路(Lu):(?)铁(Tie)路(Lu)的(De)电(Dian)气(Qi)化(Hua)对(Dui)铜(Tong)和(He)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)的(De)需(Xu)要(Yao)量(Liang)很(Hen)大(Da)。(?)每(Mei)公(Gong)里(Li)的(De)架(Jia)空(Kong)导(Dao)线(Xian)需(Xu)用(Yong)2 吨(Dun)以(Yi)上(Shang)的(De)异(Yi)型(Xing)铜(Tong)线(Xian)。(?)为(Wei)了(Liao)提(Ti)高(Gao)它(Ta)的(De)强(Qiang)度(Du),(?)往(Wang)往(Wang)加(Jia)入(Ru)少(Shao)量(Liang)的(De)铜(Tong)((?)约(Yue)1%)(?)或(Huo)银(Yin) ((?)约(Yue)of%)(?)。(?)此(Ci)外(Wai),(?)列(Lie)车(Che)上(Shang)的(De)电(Dian)机(Ji)、(?)整(Zheng)流(Liu)器(Qi)、(?)以(Yi)及(Ji)控(Kong)制(Zhi)、(?)制(Zhi)动(Dong)、(?)电(Dian)气(Qi)和(He)信(Xin) 号(Hao)系(Xi)统(Tong)等(Deng)都(Du)要(Yao)依(Yi)靠(Kao)铜(Tong)和(He)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)来(Lai)工(Gong)作(Zuo)。(?)
(?) (?)飞(Fei)机(Ji):(?)飞(Fei)机(Ji)的(De)航(Hang)行(Xing)也(Ye)离(Li)不(Bu)开(Kai)铜(Tong)。(?)例(Li)如(Ru):(?)飞(Fei)机(Ji)中(Zhong)的(De)配(Pei)线(Xian)、(?)液(Ye)压(Ya)、(?)冷(Leng)却(Que)和(He)气(Qi)动(Dong)系(Xi)统(Tong)需(Xu)使(Shi)用(Yong)铜(Tong)材(Cai),(?)轴(Zhou)承(Cheng)保(Bao)持(Chi)器(Qi)和(He)起(Qi)落(Luo)架(Jia)轴(Zhou)承(Cheng)采(Cai)用(Yong)铝(Lu)青(Qing)铜(Tong)管(Guan)材(Cai),(?)导(Dao)航(Hang)仪(Yi)表(Biao)应(Ying)用(Yong)抗(Kang)磁(Ci)钢(Gang)合(He)金(Jin),(?)众(Zhong)多(Duo)仪(Yi)表(Biao)中(Zhong)使(Shi)用(Yong)破(Po)铜(Tong)弹(Dan)性(Xing)元(Yuan)件(Jian)等(Deng)等(Deng)。(?)
(?) (?)轻(Qing)工(Gong)业(Ye):(?)轻(Qing)工(Gong)业(Ye)产(Chan)品(Pin)与(Yu)人(Ren)民(Min)生(Sheng)活(Huo)密(Mi)切(Qie)相(Xiang)关(Guan),(?)品(Pin)种(Zhong)繁(Fan)多(Duo)、(?)五(Wu)花(Hua)八(Ba)门(Men)。(?)由(You)于(Yu)铜(Tong)具(Ju)有(You)良(Liang)好(Hao)综(Zong)合(He)性(Xing)能(Neng),(?)到(Dao)处(Chu)可(Ke)以(Yi)看(Kan)到(Dao)它(Ta)大(Da)显(Xian)身(Shen)手(Shou)的(De)踪(Zong)影(Ying)。(?)现(Xian)仅(Jin)举(Ju)数(Shu)例(Li)如(Ru)下(Xia):(?)
(?) (?)空(Kong)调(Diao)器(Qi)和(He)冷(Leng)冻(Dong)机(Ji):(?)空(Kong)调(Diao)器(Qi)和(He)冷(Leng)冻(Dong)机(Ji)的(De)控(Kong)温(Wen)作(Zuo)用(Yong),(?)主(Zhu)要(Yao)通(Tong)过(Guo)热(Re)交(Jiao)换(Huan)器(Qi)铜(Tong)管(Guan)的(De)蒸(Zheng)发(Fa)及(Ji)冷(Leng)凝(Ning)作(Zuo)用(Yong)来(Lai)实(Shi)现(Xian)。(?)热(Re)交(Jiao)换(Huan)传(Chuan)热(Re)管(Guan)的(De)尺(Chi)寸(Cun)和(He)传(Chuan)热(Re)性(Xing)能(Neng),(?)在(Zai)很(Hen)大(Da)程(Cheng)度(Du)上(Shang)决(Jue)定(Ding)了(Liao)整(Zheng)个(Ge)空(Kong) 调(Diao)机(Ji)和(He)制(Zhi)冷(Leng)装(Zhuang)置(Zhi)的(De)效(Xiao)能(Neng)和(He)小(Xiao)型(Xing)化(Hua)。(?)在(Zai)这(Zhe)些(Xie)机(Ji)器(Qi)上(Shang)采(Cai)用(Yong)的(De)都(Du)是(Shi)高(Gao)导(Dao)热(Re)性(Xing)能(Neng)的(De)异(Yi)型(Xing)铜(Tong)管(Guan)。(?)
(?) (?)钟(Zhong)表(Biao):(?)生(Sheng)产(Chan)的(De)钟(Zhong)表(Biao),(?)计(Ji)时(Shi)器(Qi)和(He)有(You)钟(Zhong)表(Biao)机(Ji)构(Gou)的(De)装(Zhuang)置(Zhi),(?)其(Qi)中(Zhong)大(Da)部(Bu)分(Fen)的(De)工(Gong)作(Zuo)部(Bu)件(Jian)都(Du)用(Yong)"钟(Zhong)表(Biao)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)"制(Zhi)造(Zao)。(?)
(?) (?)造(Zao)纸(Zhi):(?)纸(Zhi)张(Zhang)表(Biao)面(Mian)看(Kan)来(Lai)简(Jian)单(Dan),(?)但(Dan)是(Shi)造(Zao)纸(Zhi)工(Gong)艺(Yi)却(Que)很(Hen)复(Fu)杂(Za),(?)需(Xu)要(Yao)通(Tong)过(Guo)许(Xu)多(Duo)步(Bu)骤(Zhou),(?)应(Ying)用(Yong)很(Hen)多(Duo)机(Ji)器(Qi),(?)包(Bao)括(Kuo)冷(Leng)却(Que)器(Qi)、(?)蒸(Zheng)发(Fa)器(Qi)、(?)打(Da)浆(Jiang)器(Qi)、(?)造(Zao)纸(Zhi)机(Ji)等(Deng)等(Deng)。(?)其(Qi)中(Zhong)许(Xu)多(Duo)部(Bu)件(Jian),(?)如(Ru):(?)各(Ge)种(Zhong)热(Re)交(Jiao)换(Huan)管(Guan)、(?)辊(Gun)轮(Lun)、(?)打(Da)击(Ji)棒(Bang)、(?)半(Ban)液(Ye)体(Ti)泵(Beng)和(He)丝(Si)网(Wang)等(Deng),(?)大(Da)部(Bu)分(Fen)都(Du)用(Yong)钢(Gang)合(He)金(Jin)制(Zhi)作(Zuo)。(?)
(?) (?)印(Yin)刷(Shua):(?)印(Yin)刷(Shua)中(Zhong)用(Yong)铜(Tong)版(Ban)进(Jin)行(Xing)照(Zhao)相(Xiang)制(Zhi)版(Ban)。(?)表(Biao)面(Mian)抛(Pao)光(Guang)的(De)铜(Tong)版(Ban)用(Yong)感(Gan)光(Guang)乳(Ru)胶(Jiao)敏(Min)化(Hua)后(Hou),(?)在(Zai)它(Ta)上(Shang)面(Mian)照(Zhao)相(Xiang)成(Cheng)像(Xiang)。(?)感(Gan)光(Guang)后(Hou)的(De)铜(Tong)版(Ban)需(Xu)加(Jia)热(Re)使(Shi)胶(Jiao)硬(Ying)化(Hua)。(?)为(Wei)避(Bi)免(Mian)受(Shou)热(Re)软(Ruan)化(Hua),(?)铜(Tong)中(Zhong)往(Wang)往(Wang)含(Han)有(You)少(Shao)量(Liang)的(De)银(Yin)或(Huo)砷(Shen),(?)以(Yi)提(Ti)高(Gao)软(Ruan)化(Hua)温(Wen)度(Du)。(?)然(Ran)后(Hou),(?)对(Dui)版(Ban)子(Zi)进(Jin)行(Xing)腐(Fu)蚀(Shi),(?)形(Xing)成(Cheng)分(Fen)布(Bu)着(Zhuo)凹(Ao)凸(Tu)点(Dian)子(Zi)图(Tu)形(Xing)的(De)印(Yin)刷(Shua)表(Biao)面(Mian)。(?)
(?) (?)在(Zai)自(Zi)动(Dong)排(Pai)字(Zi)机(Ji)上(Shang),(?)要(Yao)通(Tong)过(Guo)黄(Huang)铜(Tong)字(Zi)型(Xing)块(Kuai)的(De)编(Bian)排(Pai),(?)来(Lai)制(Zhi)造(Zao)版(Ban)型(Xing),(?)这(Zhe)是(Shi)铜(Tong)在(Zai)印(Yin)刷(Shua)中(Zhong)的(De)另(Ling)一(Yi)个(Ge)重(Zhong)要(Yao)用(Yong)途(Tu)。(?)字(Zi)型(Xing)块(Kuai)通(Tong)常(Chang)用(Yong)的(De)是(Shi)含(Han)铅(Qian)黄(Huang)铜(Tong),(?)有(You)时(Shi)也(Ye)用(Yong)铜(Tong)或(Huo)青(Qing)铜(Tong)。(?)
(?) (?)医(Yi)药(Yao):(?)制(Zhi)药(Yao)工(Gong)业(Ye)中(Zhong),(?)各(Ge)类(Lei)蒸(Zheng)、(?)煮(Zhu)、(?)真(Zhen)空(Kong)装(Zhuang)置(Zhi)等(Deng)都(Du)用(Yong)纯(Chun)铜(Tong)制(Zhi)作(Zuo)。(?)在(Zai)医(Yi)疗(Liao)器(Qi)械(Xie)中(Zhong)则(Ze) 广(Guang)泛(Fan)使(Shi)用(Yong)锌(Xin)白(Bai)铜(Tong)。(?)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)还(Huan)是(Shi)眼(Yan)镜(Jing)架(Jia)的(De)常(Chang)用(Yong)材(Cai)料(Liao)等(Deng)。(?)
建(Jian)筑(Zhu)业(Ye)
(?) (?)由(You)于(Yu)铜(Tong)水(Shui)管(Guan)具(Ju)有(You)美(Mei)观(Guan)耐(Nai)用(Yong)、(?)安(An)装(Zhuang)方(Fang)便(Bian)、(?)安(An)全(Quan)防(Fang)火(Huo)、(?)卫(Wei)生(Sheng)保(Bao)健(Jian)等(Deng)诸(Zhu)多(Duo)优(You)点(Dian),(?)使(Shi)它(Ta)与(Yu)镀(Du)锌(Xin)钢(Gang)管(Guan)和(He)塑(Su)料(Liao)管(Guan)相(Xiang)比(Bi)存(Cun)在(Zai)明(Ming)显(Xian)优(You)越(Yue)的(De)价(Jia)格(Ge)性(Xing)能(Neng)比(Bi)。(?)在(Zai)住(Zhu)宅(Zhai)和(He)公(Gong)用(Yong)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)中(Zhong),(?)用(Yong)于(Yu)供(Gong)水(Shui)、(?)供(Gong)热(Re)、(?)供(Gong)气(Qi)以(Yi)及(Ji)防(Fang)火(Huo)喷(Pen)淋(Lin)系(Xi)统(Tong),(?)日(Ri)益(Yi)受(Shou)到(Dao)人(Ren)们(Men)的(De)青(Qing)睐(?),(?)成(Cheng)为(Wei)当(Dang)前(Qian)的(De)首(Shou)选(Xuan)材(Cai)料(Liao)。(?)
航(Hang)天(Tian)
(?) (?)x近(Jin)发(Fa)现(Xian)了(Liao)一(Yi)些(Xie)临(Lin)界(Jie)温(Wen)度(Du)更(Geng)高(Gao)的(De)材(Cai)料(Liao),(?)称(Cheng)为(Wei)"高(Gao)温(Wen)超(Chao)导(Dao)材(Cai)料(Liao)",(?)它(Ta)们(Men)大(Da)多(Duo)是(Shi)复(Fu)合(He)氧(Yang)化(Hua)物(Wu)。(?)较(Jiao)早(Zao)发(Fa)现(Xian)和(He)比(Bi)较(Jiao)著(Zhu)名(Ming)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)是(Shi)含(Han)铅(Qian)的(De)铜(Tong)基(Ji)氧(Yang)化(Hua)物(Wu)((?) YB2 Cu3 O7)(?),(?)临(Lin)界(Jie)温(Wen)度(Du)为(Wei)90K,(?)可(Ke)以(Yi)在(Zai)液(Ye)氮(Dan)温(Wen)度(Du)下(Xia)工(Gong)作(Zuo)。(?)但(Dan)还(Huan)没(Mei)有(You)获(Huo)得(De)临(Lin)界(Jie)温(Wen)度(Du)在(Zai)室(Shi)温(Wen)附(Fu)近(Jin)的(De)材(Cai)料(Liao);(?)而(?)且(Qie)这(Zhe)些(Xie)材(Cai)料(Liao)难(Nan)于(Yu)做(Zuo)成(Cheng)大(Da)块(Kuai)物(Wu)体(Ti),(?)它(Ta)们(Men)能(Neng)通(Tong)过(Guo)可(Ke)保(Bao)持(Chi)超(Chao)导(Dao)性(Xing)的(De)电(Dian)流(Liu)密(Mi)度(Du)也(Ye)不(Bu)够(Gou)高(Gao)。(?)因(Yin)此(Ci),(?)还(Huan)未(Wei)能(Neng)在(Zai)强(Qiang)电(Dian)的(De)场(Chang)合(He)下(Xia)应(Ying)用(Yong),(?)有(You)待(Dai)进(Jin)一(Yi)步(Bu)研(Yan)究(Jiu)开(Kai)发(Fa)。(?)
(?) (?)航(Hang)天(Tian)技(Ji)术(Shu)、(?)火(Huo)箭(Jian)、(?)卫(Wei)星(Xing)和(He)航(Hang)天(Tian)飞(Fei)机(Ji)中(Zhong),(?)除(Chu)了(Liao)微(Wei)电(Dian)子(Zi)控(Kong)制(Zhi)系(Xi)统(Tong)和(He)仪(Yi)器(Qi)、(?)仪(Yi)表(Biao)设(She)备(Bei)以(Yi)外(Wai),(?)许(Xu)多(Duo)关(Guan)键(Jian)性(Xing)的(De)部(Bu)件(Jian)也(Ye)要(Yao)用(Yong)到(Dao)铜(Tong)和(He)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)。(?)例(Li)如(Ru):(?)火(Huo)箭(Jian)发(Fa)动(Dong)机(Ji)的(De)燃(Ran)烧(Shao)室(Shi)和(He)推(Tui)力(Li)室(Shi)的(De)内(Nei)村(Cun),(?)可(Ke)以(Yi)利(Li)用(Yong)钢(Gang)的(De)优(You)良(Liang)导(Dao)热(Re)性(Xing)来(Lai)进(Jin)行(Xing)冷(Leng)却(Que),(?)以(Yi)保(Bao)持(Chi)温(Wen)度(Du)在(Zai)允(Yun)许(Xu)的(De)范(Fan)围(Wei)内(Nei)。(?)亚(Ya)里(Li)安(An)那(Na)5号(Hao)火(Huo)箭(Jian)的(De)燃(Ran)烧(Shao)室(Shi)内(Nei)衬(Chen),(?)用(Yong)的(De)是(Shi)铜(Tong)一(Yi)银(Yin)一(Yi)结(Jie)合(He)金(Jin),(?)在(Zai)这(Zhe)个(Ge)内(Nei)衬(Chen)内(Nei)加(Jia)工(Gong)出(Chu)360个(Ge)冷(Leng)却(Que)通(Tong)道(Dao),(?)火(Huo)箭(Jian)发(Fa)射(She)时(Shi)通(Tong)入(Ru)液(Ye)态(Tai)氢(Qing)进(Jin)行(Xing)冷(Leng)却(Que)。(?)
(?) (?)此(Ci)外(Wai),(?)铜(Tong)合(He)金(Jin)也(Ye)是(Shi)卫(Wei)星(Xing)结(Jie)构(Gou)中(Zhong)承(Cheng)载(Zai)构(Gou)件(Jian)用(Yong)的(De)标(Biao)准(Zhun)材(Cai)料(Liao)。(?)卫(Wei)星(Xing)上(Shang)的(De)太(Tai)阳(Yang)翼(Yi)板(Ban)通(Tong)常(Chang)是(Shi)由(You)铜(Tong)与(Yu)其(Qi)它(Ta)几(Ji)个(Ge)元(Yuan)素(Su)的(De)合(He)金(Jin)制(Zhi)成(Cheng)的(De)。(?)